Alkane hydrocarbons (propane, isobutane, and n-butane) from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are present in major quantities throughout Mexico City air because of leakage of the unburned gas from numerous urban sources. These hydrocarbons, together with olefinic minor LPG components, furnish substantial amounts of hydroxyl radical reactivity, a major precursor to formation of the ozone component o...

This paper introduces a model-based controller designed to minimize the total unburned hydrocarbons produced by the internal combustion engine and processed by the three way catalytic converter, during the warm-up period. We assume to feed back the temperature of the exhaust gas; having in mind to decouple the control of combustion from the control of intake manifold, we assumed as controllable...

Ideally, the flue gas resulting from high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons (HC) contains CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 and some acceptable levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur (SOx). In reality, the flue gas from a combustion process contains CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 and some concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), NOx and SOx .

background: the incomplete burning of fuel in engine of vehicles, evaporation of petrol from gas stations, and also car carburetor cause unburned hydrocarbons to be emitted in ambient air of cities and gas station locations. from unburned hydrocarbons; monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon influence to citizen's health and benzene is known as carcinogenic compounds. the objectives of this study are t...

1n this program,aresearchgasturbinecombustor is used to study the influence of individual variables (in particular, fuel spray characteristics) on primary zone emissions. The unique combustor is operated under realistic conditions and allows for independent control of drop size, fuel-air ratio, air inlet temperature, pressure, reference velocity, and residence time. Also, it lends itself to the...

Adsorption is an effective remediation technique for petroleum hydrocarbons because of its ease of use and high efficiency. The utilization of high-carbon content industrial by-products in such applications can present significant economic and environmental advantages. In this study, batch adsorption tests and petrographic analyses were used to investigate the adsorption of two nonpolar petrole...

in this study, catalyst of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles (rtio2-np) has been investigated for the removal and reduction of unburned hydrocarbons as benzopyran. to evaluate and calculate the thermodynamic properties of this aim, pollutants are closed to the nanoparticles and converted them into other products and the carbon dioxide molecules are simulated in the 12th steps. the geometric...